Chapter Philip to Philostrate of P by Brewer's Readers Handbook

Philomel, daughter of Pandion king of Attica. She was converted into a nightingale.

And the mute Silence his along,
’Less Philomel will deign a song
In her sweetest, saddest plight,
Smoothing the rugged brow of night. …
Sweet bird, that shunn’st the noise of folly,
Most musical, most melancholy.
   —Milton: Il Penseroso (1638).

Philopolimarchides (Philo-pollimark-i-dees), the braggart in Plautus.

Philosopher (The). Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, the Roman emperor, was so called by Justin Martyr (121, 161-180).

Leo VI. emperor of the East (866, 886-911).

Porphyry, the Neoplatonist (223-304).

Alfred or Alured, surnamed “Anglicus,” was also called “The Philosopher” (died 1270).

Philosopher Prince (The). Frederick II. of Prussia was so called by Voltaire (1712, 1740–1786).

The Philosopher of China, Confucius (B. C. 551-479).

The Philosopher of Ferney, Voltaire, who lived at Ferney, near Geneva, for the last twenty years of his life (1694–1778).

The Philosopher of Malmesbury, Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan. He was born at Malmesbury (1588–1679).

The Philosopher of Persia, Abou Ebn Sina of Shiraz (died 1037).

The Philosopher of Sans Souci, Frederick the Great of Prussia (1712, 1740–1786).

Frederick elector of Saxony was called “The Wise” (1463, 1544–1554).

The Philosopher of Wimbledon, John Horne Tooke, author of the Diversions of Purley. He lived at Wimbledon, near London (1736–1812).

(For the philosophers of the different Greek sects, as the Cynic, Cyrenaic, Eleac, Eleatic, Epicurean, Heraclitian, Ionic, Italic, Megaric, Peripatetic, Sceptic, Socratic, Stoic, etc., see Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, p. 971.)

Philosopher’s Stone (The), a red powder of amalgam, to drive off the impurities of baser metals. The word stone, in this expression, does not mean the mineral so called, but the substratum or article employed to produce a certain effect. (See Elixir Vitæ, p. 320.)

Philosophers (The Five English): (1) Roger Bacon, author of Opus Majus (1214–1292); (2) sir Francis Bacon, author of Novum Organum (1561–1626); (3) the Hon. Robert Boyle (1627–1691); (4)John Locke, author of a treatise on the Human Understanding and Innate Ideas (1632–1704); (5) sir Isaac Newton, author of Principia (1642–1727).

Philosophy (The Father of), (1) Albrecht von Haller of Berne (1708–1777). (2) Roger Bacon is also so called (1214–1292).

The Father of Inductive Philosophy, Francis Bacon lord Verulam (1561–1626).

The Father of Roman Philosophy, Cicero the orator (B. C. 106-43).

The Nursing Mother of Philosophy, Mme. de Boufflers was so called by Marie Antoinette.