Chapter Stump Up to Sucre of S by Brewer's Phrase & Fable

Sub Jove (Latin). Under Jove; in the open air. Jupiter is the deified personification of the upper regions of the air, Juno of the lower regions, Neptune of the waters of the sea, Vesta of the earth, Ceres of the surface soil, Hades of the invisible or under-world.

Sub-Lapsarian, Supra-Lapsarian The sub -lapsarian maintains that God devised His scheme of redemption after the “lapse” or fall of Adam, when He elected some to salvation and left others to run their course. The supra -lapsarian maintains that all this was ordained by God from the foundation of the world, and therefore before the “lapse” or fall of Adam.

Sub Rosa (See Rose .)

Sublime Port Wine merchants say the port of 1820 is the true “Sublime Port.” Of course, the play is on the Porta Sublima or Ottoman empire.

Sublime Porte (The). The Ottoman empire. It is the French for Porta Sublima, the “lofty gate.” Constantinople has twelve gates, and near one of these gates is a building with a lofty gateway called “Bab-i-humajun.” In this building resides the vizier, in the same are the offices of all the chief ministers of state, and thence all the imperial edicts are issued. The French phrase has been adopted, because at one time French was the language of European diplomacy.

Submerged (The) or The Submerged Tenth. The proletariat, sunk or submerged in poverty; the gutter- class; the waifs and strays of society.

“All but the `submerged' were bent upon merrymaking.”- Society, November 12th, 1892. p. 1273.

“If Mr. Booth has not inaugurated remedial work among the submerged tenth, he has certainly set the fashion of writing and talking about them.”- Newspaper paragraph, October 13th, 1891.

Submit means simply “to lower,” and the idea usually associated with the word is derived from a custom in gladiatorial sports: When a gladiator acknowledged himself vanquished he lowered (submitted) his arms as a sign that he gave in; it then rested with the spectators to let him go or put him to death. If they wished him to live they held their thumbs down, if to be put to death they held their thumbs upwards.

Subpoena is a writ given to a man commanding him to appear in court, to bear witness or give evidence on a certain trial named in the writ. It is so called because the party summoned is bound to appear sub poena centum librorum (under a penalty of £100). We have the verb to subpoena.

Subsidy means literally a sediment; that which is on the ground. It is a military term. In battle the Romans drew up their army in three divisions: first, the light-armed troops made the attack, and, if repulsed, the pike-men came up to their aid; if these two were beaten back, the swordsmen (principes) advanced; and if they too were defeated, the reserve went forward. These last were called subsidies because they remained resting on their left knee till their time of action. Metaphorically, money aid is called a subsidy. (Latin, subsideo, to subside.)

Substitution of Service (The), in Ireland. Instead of serving a process personally, the name of the defaulter was posted on the walls of a Catholic chapel in the parish or barony, or in some other public place.

Subtle Doctor John Duns Scotus, one of the schoolmen. (1265-1308.)

Subvolvans or Subvolvani. The antagonists of the Privolvans in Samuel Butler's satirical poem called The Elephant in the Moon.

“The gallant Subvolvani rally,
And from their trenches make a sally.”
Verse 83, etc.

Succession Powder The poison used by the Marquise de Brinvilliers in her poisonings, for the benefit of successors. (See Poisoners .)