1. C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde.
2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2 Aldehyde. Acetic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact
with the yeast plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic
acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torulæ develop. - - Ammoniacal
fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of
the special urea ferment.
CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3 Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.
Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation.
Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of
a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many forms
of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See Lactic fermentation. Fermentation by
an unorganized ferment or enzyme. Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in
which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of
cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin
and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of
malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by
the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice.
Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory that most if not all, infectious or zymotic
disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments
already developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to
health. See Germ theory. Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute
solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and other
matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid,
butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium (Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid
are mainly formed. Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body
into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium In this change the
milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage of glucose.
C12H22O11.H2O = 4C3H6O3 Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.
In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo
butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2
(butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction.
Fermentative (Fer*ment"a*tive) a. [Cf. F. fermentatif.] Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation; produced
by fermentation; fermenting; as, a fermentative process.
Fer*ment"a*tive*ly, adv. Fer*ment"a*tive*ness, n.
Fermerere (Fer"mer*ere) n. [OF. enfermerier, fr. enfermerie infirmary. See Infirmary.] The officer in
a religious house who had the care of the infirmary. [Obs.]
Fermillet (Fer"mil*let) n. [OF., dim. of fermeil, fermail, clasp, prob. fr. OF. & F. fermer to make fast, fr.
ferme fast. See Firm.] A buckle or clasp. [Obs.] Donne.
Fern (Fern) adv. Long ago. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Fern (Fern), a. [AS. fyrn.] Ancient; old. [Obs.] "Pilgrimages to . . . ferne halwes." [saints]. Chaucer.
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