by this name. Thus in Linschotens description of the route from Malacca to Macao, he mentions at the
entrance to the Straits of Sincapura, a rock having the appearance of an obelisk, called the Varella
del China; and again, on the eastern coast of Champa, or Cochin China, we have frequent notice of a
point (with a river also) called that of the Varella. Thus in Pinto:
1540.The Friday following we found
ourselves just against a River called by the inhabitants of the Country. Tinacoreu, and by us (the) Varella.Pinto
(in Cogan), p. 48.
This Varella of Champa is also mentioned by Linschoten:
1598.
from this
thirde point to the Varella the coast turneth North.
This Varella is a high hill reaching into the Sea,
and above on the toppe it hath a verie high stonie rock, like a tower or piller, which may be seen far off,
therefore it is by the Portingalles called Varella.p. 342. VEDAS. The Sacred Books of the Brahmans, Veda being knowledge. Of these books there are nominally
four, viz. the Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Vedas.
The earliest direct intimation of knowledge of the
existence of the Vedas appears to be in the book called De Tribus Impostoribus, said to have been
printed in 1598, in which they are mentioned.2 Possibly this knowledge came through the Arabs. Though
thus we do not trace back any direct allusion to the Vedas in European books, beyond the year 1600 or
thereabouts, there seems good reason to believe that the Jesuit missionaries had information on the
subject at a much earlier date. St. Francis Xavier had frequent discussions with Brahmans, and one
went so far as to communicate to him the mantra Om srinarayananamah. In 1559 a learned Brahman
at Goa was converted by Father Belchior Carneyro, and baptized by the name of Manuel. He afterwards
(with the Viceroys sanction!) went by night and robbed a Brahman on the mainland who had collected
many MSS., and presented the spoil to the Fathers, with great satisfaction to himself and them (Sousa,
Orient. Conquist. i. 1512).
It is probable that the information concerning the Hindu religion and sacred
books which was attained even in Europe by the end of the 16th century was greater than is commonly
supposed; and greater than what we find in print would warrant us to assume. A quotation from San
Roman below illustrates this in a general way. And in a constitution of Gregory XV. dated January 31,
1623, there is mention of rites called Haiteres and Tandié, which doubtless represent the Vedic names
Aitareya and Tandya (see Norbert, i. 39). Lucenas allusion below to the four parts of Hindu doctrine
must have reference to the Vedas, and his information must have come from reports and letters, as he
never was in India. In course of time, however, what had been-known seems to have been forgotten,
and even Halhed (1776) could write about Beids of the Shaster! (see Code, p. xiii.). This shows that
though he speaks also of the Four Beids (p. xxxi.) he had no precise knowledge.
In several of the earlier
quotations of the word it will be seen that the form used is Vedam or Veidam. This is the Tamil form.
And it became prevalent during the 18th century in France from Voltaires having constituted himself
the advocate of a Sanskrit Poem, called by him lEzour Vedam, and which had its origin in S. India.
This was in reality an imitation of an Indian Purana, composed by some missionary in the 17th century
(probably by R. de Nobili), to introduce Christian doctrines; but Voltaire supposed it to be really an ancient
Indian book. Its real character was first explained by Sonnerat (see the Essay by F. W. Ellis, in As.
Res. xi.). The first information regarding the real Vedas was given by Colebrooke in 1805 (As. Res.
viii.). Orme and some authors of the 18th and early part of the 19th century write Bede, which represents
the N. Indian vernacular form Bed. Both forms, Bed and Vedam, are known to Fleury, as we see
below.
On the subject of the Vedas, see Webers Hist. of Indian Lit., Max Müllers Ancient Sanskrit Lit.,
Whitneys Oriental and Linguistic Studies, vol. i. [and Macdonells Hist. of Sanskrit Lit., pp. 29 seqq.].
c. 1590.The Brahmins. These have properly six duties. 1. The study of the Bedes.Ayeen, by
Gladwin, ii. 393; [ed. Jarrett, iii. 115].
Philologists are constantly engaged in translating Hindí, Greek,
Arabic, and Persian books
Hájí Ibrahím of Sarhind translated into Persian the Atharban (i.e. Atharva
Veda) which, according to the Hindús is one of the four divine books.Ibid. by Blochmann, i. 104105.
1600.
Consta esta doutrina de quatro partes.
Lucena V. de P. Franc. Xavier, 95.
1602.These books
are divided into bodies, limbs, and joints; and their foundations are certain books which they call Vedáos,
which are divided into four parts. Couto, V. vi. 3.
1603.Tienen muchos libros, de mucha costa y
escriptura, todos llénos de agueros y supersticiones, y de mil fabulas ridiculas que son sus evangelios.
Todo esto es tan sin fundamento, que algunos libros han llegado a Portugal, que se han traydo de la
India, y han venido algunos Iogues que se convertieron à la Fè.San Roman, Hist. de la India Oriental,
47.
1651.The Vedam, or the Heathens book of the Law, hath brought great Esteem unto this Tribe
|