Chapter Chapter 7 of Index by Simonds History of American Literature

Kentucky.

James Lane Allen (born in Kentucky, 1849) is less of realist than idealist; the idyllic quality appears predominant in A Kentucky Cardinal (1894) and its sequel,Aftermath (1896). The Choir Invisible (1897) and The Reign of Law (1900) are historical romances depicting early life in the state. A serious novel, The Mettle of the Pasture, appeared in 1909. More distinctive studies of local types are found in the realistic novels of John Fox, Jr. (1862-1919). A Mountain Europa (1894), Hell fer Sartain (1896), and The Kentuckians (1897) introduced Mr. Fox to readers of fiction. The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come (1903), The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1908), and The Heart of the Hills (1913) were equally popular.

Tennessee.

Mary Noailles Murfree (born in Tennessee, 1850) for some years successfully concealed her identity under the pen-name "Charles Egbert Craddock." In the Tennessee Mountains (1884), The Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountain (1885), and In the Clouds (1886) began a series of strong and interesting tales of the mountain whites -- a class which Miss Murfree has continued to depict in her later works.

Louisiana.

The touch of the romanticist is evident in the work of George Washington Cable (1844-1925). Although Mr. Cable was a resident of Massachusetts for many years, his stories belong to the southland. Old Creole Days (1879), The Grandissimes (1880), Madame Delphine (1881), Dr. Sevier (1885), and Bonaventure (1888) are representative works. Ruth McEnery Stuart (1856-1917) depicted with keen sense of humor some phases of Southern life, both white and black. A Golden Wedding and Other Tales appeared in 1893; Carlotta's Intended and The Story of Babette (1894) were followed by Sonny (1896), a unique and fascinating character study. The reconstructed negro appears in the later creations of Napoleon Jackson (1902) and George Washington Jones (1903). The River's Children (1904) is a genuine idyl of the Mississippi. Grace Elizabeth King (born at New Orleans, 1852) has written of the Creoles in Monsieur Motte (1888), Tales of Time and Place (1892), and Balcony Stories (1893).

Fiction of Broader Scope.

Frances Hodgson Burnett (born in England, 1849) removed to the United States in 1865, residing for ten years in Tennessee, and then for a period in Washington, D.C. Mrs. Burnett's first novels, That Lass o' Lowrie's (1877) and Haworth's (1879), portray life among the working people of Lancashire. Her Through One Administration (1883) deals with official society life in Washington. Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886) was an exceedingly popular juvenile, which was followed by others almost as successful. Mrs. Burnett, who died in 1924, lived of late years in England. A Lady of Quality appeared in 1896, The Shuttle, in 1907, T. Tembarom, in 1913.

Francis Marion Crawford (1854-1909), most cosmopolitan of American writers, both in residence and in the material utilized in his novels, was also one of the most productive of our novelists. He was the son of the sculptor, Thomas C. Crawford, and was born in Italy. His education was attained at St. Paul's School, in Concord, New Hampshire, at Trinity College, Cambridge, at Heidelberg, and Rome. During 1879 and 1880, he engaged in editorial work in India. Although his residence was for the rest of his life in Italy, he remained strongly patriotic in his sentiment toward the United States, regarding it as his country and asserting himself always an American. His first novel, Mr. Isaacs, appeared in 1882, and was followed by Dr. Claudius (1883), A Roman Singer (1884), Zoroaster (1885), and A Tale of a Lonely Parish (1886). The variety of sources from which Mr. Crawford drew his material is strikingly suggested in the titles of his representative novels, of which the following may be mentioned: Paul Patoff (1887), Saracinesca (1887), Greifenstein (1889), Khaled (1891), Pietro Ghisleri (1893), Katherine Lauderdale (1894), In the Palace of the King (1900), A Lady of Rome (1906), Arethusa (1907). He was the author of more than forty books, including important studies of Italian history and several plays. Of his novels it is conceded that those depicting Italian life and character are the most valuable; and of