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Moors, Malauares, Achems, Jaos, and Malayos.Ibid. p. 279.[Mr. Skeat writes: The word Malaya is now often applied by English writers to the Peninsula as a whole, and from this the term Malaysia as a term of wider application (i.e. to the Archipelago) has been coined (see quotation of 1610 above). The former is very frequently miswritten by English writers as Malay, a barbarism which has even found place on the title-page of a book Travel and Sport in Burma, Siam and Malay, by John Bradley, London, 1876. ] MALAYALAM. This is the name applied to one of the cultivated Dravidian languages, the closest in its relation to the Tamil. It is spoken along the Malabar coast, on the Western side of the Ghauts (or Malaya mountains), from the Chandragiri River on the North, near Mangalore (entering the sea in 12° 29), beyond which the language is, for a limited distance, Tulu, and then Canarese, to Trevandrum on the South (lat. 8° 29), where Tamil begins to supersede it. Tamil, however, also intertwines with Malayalam all along Malabar. The term Malayalam properly applies to territory, not language, and might be rendered Mountain region [See under MALABAR, and Logan, Man. of Malabar, i. 90.] MALDIVES, MALDIVE ISLDS., n.p. The proper form of this name appears to be Male-diva; not, as the estimable Garcia de Orta says, Nale-diva; whilst the etymology which he gives is certainly wrong, hard as it may be to say what is the right one. The people of the islands formerly designated themselves and their country by a form of the word for island which we have in the Skt. dvipa and the Pali dipo. We find this reflected in the Divi of Ammianus, and in the Diva and Diba-jat (Pers. plural) of old Arab geographers, whilst it survives in letters of the 18th century addressed to the Ceylon Government (Dutch) by the Sultan of the Isles, who calls his kingdom Divehi Rajjé, and his people Divehe mihun. Something like the modern form first appears in Ibn Batuta. He, it will be seen, in his admirable account of these islands, calls them, as it were, Mahal-dives, and says they were so called from the chief group Mahal, which was the residence of the Sultan, indicating a connection with Mahal, a palace. This form of the name looks like a foreign striving after meaning. But Pyrard de Laval, the author of the most complete account in existence, also says that the name of the islands was taken from Malé, that on which the King resided. Bishop Caldwell has suggested that these islands were the dives, or islands, of Malé, as Malebar (see MALABAR) was the coast-tract or continent, of Malé. It is, however, not impossible that the true etymology was from mala, a garland or necklace, of which their configuration is highly suggestive. [The Madras Gloss. gives Malayal. mal, black, and dvipa, island, from the dark soil. For a full account of early notices of the Maldives, see Mr. Grays note on Pyrard de Laval, Hak. Soc. ii. 423 seqq.] Milburn (Or. Commmerce, i. 335) says: This island was (these islands were) discovered by the Portuguese in 1507. Let us see! A.D. 362.Legationes undique solito ocius concurrebant; hinc Transtigritanis pacem obsecrantibus et Armeniis, inde nationibus Indicis certatim cum donis optimates mittentibus ante tempus, ab usque Divis et Serendivis.Ammian. Marcellinus, xxii. 3. |
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