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Board. This is the Board of Revenue, of which there is one at Calcutta, and one in the N.W. Provinces
at Allahabad. There is a Board of Revenue at Madras, but not called Sudder Board there. b. Sudder Court, i.e. Sudder Adawlut (sadr adalat). This was till 1862, in Calcutta and in the N.W.P., the chief court of appeal from the Mofussil or District Courts, the Judges being members of the Bengal Civil Service. In the year named the Calcutta Sudder Court was amalgamated with the Supreme Court (in which English Law had been administered by English Barrister-Judges), the amalgamated Court being entitled the High Court of Judiciary. A similar Court also superseded the Sudder Adawlut in the N.W.P. c. Sudder Ameen, i.e. chief Ameen (q.v.). This was the designation of the second class of native Judge in the classification which was superseded in Bengal by Act XVI. of 1868, in Bombay by Act XIV. of 1869, and in Madras by Act III. of 1873. Under that system the highest rank of native Judge was Principal Sudder Ameen; the 2nd rank, Sudder Ameen; the 3rd, Moonsiff. In the new classification there are in Bengal Subordinate Judges of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade, and Munsiffs (see MOONSIFF) of 4 grades; in Bombay, Subordinate Judges of the 1st class in 3 grades, and 2nd class in 4 grades; and in Madras Subordinate Judges in 3 grades, and Munsiffs in 4 grades. d. Sudder Station. The chief station of a district, viz. that where the Collector, Judge, and other chief civil officials reside, and where their Courts are. c. 1340.The Sadr-Jihan (Chief of the Word) i.e. the Kadi-al-Kudat (Judge of Judges) (CAZEE) possesses ten townships, producing a revenue of about 60,000 tankas. He is also called Sadr-al- Islam.Shihabuddin Dimishki, in Notes et Exts. xiii. 185. SUFEENA, s. Hind. safina. This is the native corr. of subpoena. It is shaped, but not much distorted, by the existence in Hind. of the Ar. word safina for a blank-book, a note-book. SUGAR, s. This familiar word is of Skt. origin. Sarkara originally signifies grit or gravel, thence crystallised
sugar, and through a Prakrit form sakkara gave the Pers. shakkar, the Greek [Greek Text] sakcar and
[Greek Text] sakcaron, and the late Latin saccharum. The Ar. is sukkar, or with the article as-sukkar,
and it is probable that our modern forms, It. zucchero and succhero, Fr. sucre, Germ. Zucker, Eng.
sugar, came as well as the Sp. azucar, and Port. assucar, from the Arabic direct, and not through
Latin or Greek. The Russian is sakhar; Polish zukier; Hung. zukur. In fact the ancient knowledge of
the product was slight and vague, and it was by the Arabs that the cultivation of the sugar-cane was
introduced into Egypt, Sicily, and Andalusia. It is possible indeed, and not improbable, that palm-sugar
(see JAGGERY) is a much older product than that of the cane. [This is disputed by Watt (Econ. Dict.
vi. pt. i. p. 31), who is inclined to fix the home of the cane in E. India.] The original habitat of the cane
is not known; there is only a slight and doubtful statement of Loureiro, who, in speaking of Cochin-China,
uses the words habitat et colitur, which may imply its existence in a wild state, as well as under cultivation,
in that country. De Candolle assigns its earliest production to the country extending from Cochin-China
to Bengal. |
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